Git Commands

Installing on macOS

There are several ways to install Git on a Mac. The easiest is probably to install the Xcode Command Line Tools. On Mavericks (10.9) or above you can do this simply by trying to run git from the Terminal the very first time

$ git --version

If you don’t have it installed already, it will prompt you to install it.

If you want a more up to date version, you can also install it via a binary installer. A macOS Git installer is maintained and available for download at the Git website, at https://git- scm.com/download/mac.

Installing on Windows

There are also a few ways to install Git on Windows. The most official build is available for download on the Git website. Just go to https://git-scm.com/download/win and the download will start automatically.

To verify whether its installed or not

Note:- that this is a project called Git for Windows, which is separate from Git itself; for more information on it, go to https://gitforwindows.org.

To get an automated installation you can use the Git Chocolatey package. Note that the Chocolatey package is community maintained.

You can view all of your settings and where they are coming from using:

$ git config –list –show-origin

root@vmlinux:/var/lib/git# pwd
/var/lib/git
root@vmlinux:/var/lib/git# git config --list --show-origin file:.git/config	core.repositoryformatversion=0 file:.git/config	core.filemode=true file:.git/config	core.bare=false
file:.git/config	core.logallrefupdates=true root@vmlinux:/var/lib/git#

Your Identity

root@vmlinux:/var/lib/git# git config --global user.name "Venkat Chandra" root@vmlinux:/var/lib/git# git config --global user.email yvsc369@gmail.com

$ git config –list –show-origin

root@vmlinux:/var/lib/git# git config --list --show-origin file:/root/.gitconfig	user.name=Venkat Chandra file:/root/.gitconfig	user.email=yvsc369@gmail.com file:.git/config	core.repositoryformatversion=0 file:.git/config	core.filemode=true file:.git/config	core.bare=false
file:.git/config	core.logallrefupdates=true

How to check your Git configuration:

The command below returns a list of information about your git configuration including user name and email

git config -l

root@vmlinux:/var/lib/git# git config -l user.name=Venkat Chandra user.email=yvsc369@gmail.com

core.repositoryformatversion=0 core.filemode=true core.bare=false core.logallrefupdates=true

How to cache your login credentials in Git:

You can store login credentials in the cache so you don’t have to type them in each time. Just use this command

git config –global credential.helper cache

How to initialize a Git repo:

Everything starts from here. The first step is to initialize a new Git repo locally in your project root. You can do so with the command below

git init

root@vmlinux:/var/lib/git# git init
Reinitialized existing Git repository in /var/lib/git/.git/

Cloning a sample project

root@vmlinux:/var/lib/git/.git# git clone https://github.com/yvsc369/devops1 Cloning into 'devops1'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 32, done. remote: Counting objects: 100% (32/32), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (28/28), done.
remote: Total 32 (delta 8), reused 21 (delta 3), pack-reused 0 Unpacking objects: 100% (32/32), done.

root@vmlinux:/var/lib/git/.git# ls -l
total 40
-rw-r--r--   1  root root     23  Sep  30  06:42  HEAD
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096  Sep  30  06:42  branches
-rw-r--r--   1 root root      92  Sep  30  06:56  config
-rw-r--r--   1 root root      73  Sep  30  06:42  description
drwxr-xr-x  4 root root  4096  Sep  30  07:11  devops1
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096  Sep  30  06:42  hooks
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096  Sep  30  06:42  info
drwxr-xr-x  3 root root  4096  Sep  30  07:08  jhc01
drwxr-xr-x  4 root root  4096  Sep  30  06:42 objects
drwxr-xr-x  4 root root  4096  Sep  30  06:42  refs

Create some files like text1, text2 and text3

root@vmlinux:/var/lib/git/.git/devops1# ls -lrh total 26M
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5.0M Sep 30 07:33 text3.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5.0M Sep 30 07:33 text2.txt

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5.0M Sep 30 07:33 text1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root	55 Sep 30 07:11 info.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5.0M Sep 30 07:34 filename1.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root	56 Sep 30 07:11 demo.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Sep 30 07:11 Python_1
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5.0M Jun	2	2008 5MB.zip

root@vmlinux:/var/lib/git/.git/devops1# git status On branch main
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/main'.

Untracked files:
(use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
                          5MB.zip
                          filename1.txt
                          text1.txt
                          text2.txt
                          text3.txt
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track) root@vmlinux:/var/lib/git/.git/devops1#

How to add a file to the staging area in Git:

The command below will add a file to the staging area. Just replace filename1.txt with the name of the file you want to add to the staging area.

git add filename1.txt

root@vmlinux:/var/lib/git/.git/devops1# git add filename1.txt root@vmlinux:/var/lib/git/.git/devops1# git status
On branch main
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/main'.

Changes to be committed:
(use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage) new file:	filename1.txt
Untracked files:
(use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)

                              5MB.zip
                              text1.txt 
                              text2.txt 
                              text3.txt

How to add all files in the staging area in Git

If you want to add all files in your project to the staging area, you can use a wildcard . and every file will be added for you.

git add

root@vmlinux:/var/lib/git/.git/devops1# git add . root@vmlinux:/var/lib/git/.git/devops1# git status On branch main
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/main'.

Changes to be committed:
(use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)

                      new file:	5MB.zip
                      new file:	filename1.txt 
                      new file:	text1.txt
                      new file:	text2.txt 
                      new file:	text3.txt